Oh, I see! moments
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Countless Connections in Peru’s Amazon Rainforest

by Eva Boynton on March 2, 2015

Two ants on the edge of a tropical leaf, illustrating one discovery on an experience in the Amazon rainforest that proves why study abroad is important. (Image © Eva Boynton)

Each species, big or small, has a part to play.
© Eva Boynton

Why Study Abroad Sticks Like Glue

My t-shirt was soaked in sweat from heat and humidity. Diverse shades of green were my landscape and horizon. Howling monkeys and buzzing cicada bugs echoed in the distance.

The Amazon rainforest was unlike any classroom I had ever known. What was once a distant place, the subject of textbooks, now came to life in accentuated brightness and flavor.

It became my home for a winter semester. And, as it changed the way I understood our interdependent and connected world, it answered the question, “Why study abroad?”

View of the Peruvian rainforest from an airplane window in the Amazon rainforest, the site for the writer's experience that answered the question, "Why study abroad?" (Image © Eva Boynton)

Wide rivers of the Peruvian rainforest not only provide a home to a variety of plants and animals,
but also serve as a main mode of travel for locals and visitors.
© Eva Boynton

Into the Peruvian Rainforest

Reaching Manú National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is not a simple task.

A map of Peru with names of cities and rivers, showing the towns the writer visited in the Amazon rainforest.

Hugging Bolivia, Puerto Maldonado
lies on Río Madre de Dios.

  • We arrived by plane in Puerto Maldonado, east of Cusco and the Andes.
  • After driving to Puerto Carlos, we took a boat across the Inambari River.
  • Then we drove to Boca Colorado and traveled by boat about six hours up the Madre de Dios River to Manú River that meanders through the park.

Listening to the motor roar in his ear for all six hours, a local from Puerto Maldonado steered the boat, dodging debris to take our group of 13 students and two professors into our classroom.

The dynamic route offered direct experience with the geography and landscape that set the stage for later connections.

A girl looking out from the edge of a wooden boat on a river in the Amazon, illustrating why study abroad has a lasting effect. (Image © Rydell Welch)

Watching for river otters, pink dolphins and
other wildlife along the river
© Rydell Welch

Biodiversity in Our Backyard

On the first day in the national reserve, we stepped into our new backyard with local researchers and guides René Escudero and Rufo Bustamante. We tiptoed on tree roots to avoid rain-flooded trails, ducked under leaves as big as my torso, and maneuvered around intricate spiderwebs seen at the last minute.

A tropical tree buttressed by large roots in the Amazon rainforest , a natural discovery made possible by study abroad and showing why a study abroad experience matters. (Image © Eva Boynton)

Buttress roots find nutrients in the soil and stabilize 200-foot trees.
© Eva Boynton

The rainforest was, in one word, alive! To put things into perspective, rainforests cover only 2% of Earth’s surface. Found within that 2% is half of all Earth’s plants and animals.

Manú National Park contains some of the greatest biodiversity on Earth. Consider the butterfly—Europe may have an impressive 321 species, but Manú National Park supports 1,300 species in an area 3% the size of France.

View of the top of the canopy in the Amazon rainforest, the site for the writer's winter semester that illustrated why the study abroad experience is so powerful.  (Image © Eva Boynton)

The canopy is home to 80–90% of the animals in the rainforest.
© Eva Boynton

From Big to Small, Everything Counts

With each step of our explorations, we uncovered secrets of the rainforest, including many interdependent relationships.

  • One myrmecophyte (plant living in a mutualistic relationship with an ant colony) offers leaf pouches, called domatias, that serve as nests for particular ant species.
  • The ants, in turn, offer the plant an army for protection against other insects that might feed on it.

    A plant's stem cracked open to show ants living inside, illustrating interdependent relationships of organisms in the Amazon rainforest, discoveries that show why study abroad is so important. (Image © Eva Boynton)

    Ants trade protection for shelter.
    © Eva Boynton

Howler monkeys, awaking us each morning with bellowing sounds, seem like independent animals. But they, too, rely on other organisms within this rich world of biodiversity:

  • The monkeys depend on leaves from the canopy for food.
  • Trees in the canopy grow by extracting minerals from the soil with the help of fungi on their roots.
  • The fungi rely on beetles that decompose litter on the forest floor, including the excrement of howler monkeys.
A howler monkey climbing in a tree covered with leaves in the Amazon rainforest, the site of the writer's winter semester that proved why study abroad is so important. (Image © Eva Boynton)

In the rainforest, when you look up, a howler monkey
munching on leaves may be looking back.
© Eva Boynton

Everything is connected in a cycle—monkey, tree, fungi, beetle, and back to monkey. As big as towering trees or as small as some of the 3,600 species of spiders, the organisms in the rainforest are connected by a web of interdependent relationships.

More Connections Under the Canopy

Study abroad plunged me into the vastness of the Peruvian Amazon and opened my eyes to countless scientific connections.

But there were personal connections, too, the kind that made me say “Oh, I see!” 

I found that I learned best when lessons were non-linear and sprang from discovery. Study abroad is immersive (so different from textbook lessons). The direct hands-on experience that it provides transformed the Amazonian world into my greatest classroom.

Hawk's wing pulled open by researcher, showing a hands-on approach of studying abroad in the Amazon rainforest. (Image © Eva Boynton)

Hands-on interaction in the Amazon meant letting your senses make the discoveries:
listening, smelling, tasting, and touching.
© Eva Boynton

Study abroad, also challenged me to become familiar with something unknown and different. I saw, just as the organisms in the Amazon rainforest depended on each other, that I, too, fit into an interdependent world larger than my neighborhood. I made the connections, and my way of seeing changed in the process.

When people make personal discoveries like learning style, face challenges, and find their unique roles, they connect the dots of the diverse network that is our world. And that’s why a study abroad experience sticks to people like glue and stays with them for life.

The Amazon river with a wall of rainforest behind it and one cloud in the sky, a magnificent discovery during a winter semester in the Amazon rainforest, proving why study abroad is so important. (Image © Eva Boynton)

The wall of forest signifies a moving, grooving, buzzing home to the world’s most diverse habitat.
© Eva Boynton

For more information on Amazon biodiversity check out Discovering Peru.

To learn about conservation of Peru’s rainforest visit Amazon Conservation Association. 

Comment on this post below, or inspire insight with your own OIC Moment here.

Mexican Culture: Moments of Note in Miniature

by Sheron Long on September 24, 2014

Miniature diorama of a harvest celebration opens a window into Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Harvest diorama
© Sheron Long

How Long Can a Summer in Mexico Last?

A lifetime. When you step into another culture, rarely do you leave without life-changing, long-lasting experiences.

Certainly, that was the case during the summer I spent studying abroad in Mexico. One day, I stopped to admire this tiny scene of a harvest celebration—

the corn stalks scratching the sky,

the central beast of burden,

families thankful for the bounty of the crop.

I bought the miniature scene for the beauty of the Mexican folk art, but I came to love it for the thankful moment it symbolizes. A moment of note.

As life went on, I realized the significant impact of my immersion into Mexican culture. There had been many moments of note, many times to say, “Oh, I see.”

Mexican miniature showing a diorama of a kitchen scene and a traditional aspect of Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Mexican kitchen scene,
cooking up food for thought
© Sheron Long

Respect for Mexico’s Roots

Just as with people, I came to understand that a country’s life story gives shape to its present. And that is one reason cultures are different.

In 1492 when Columbus arrived, the indigenous people had built great civilizations, and they were already making miniatures. In the ruins at Teotihuacán and Monte Albán, for example, archaeologists uncovered tiny clay figurines of people and animals, little dishes, and diminutive buildings.

Map of Mexico with modern-day cities where Mexican culture and folk art still thrive. (Image © iStock)

Amid Mexico’s modern cities are the vestiges of great civilizations, such as
Teotihuacán outside Mexico City and Monte Albán near Oaxaca.
© iStock

For a country like Mexico, the arrival of the Europeans had a profound impact. The landing was not merely an important discovery, but rather the very birth of la raza, the beginning of something as personally significant as the Hispanic identity.

Just over 300 years later in 1810, Mexicans rose in revolt against Spain. Mexican folk art survived the constraints of the Spanish colonial rule and Porfirio Diaz’s dictatorship that followed. After the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920), however, when national pride swelled, the enduring tradition of artisanal crafts came to be seen as part of the national heritage.

Mexico today is a vibrant culture, both rural and cosmopolitan, with tough issues of drugs and corruption at its doorstep. It is also respectful of its rich origins, a place where arte popular (folk art) is part of the national identity.

Tiny in Form, Big in Appeal

Another moment of note—Mexican miniatures, small replicas of full-sized objects, are the epitome of handcrafts. Katrin Flechsig, in her book Miniature Crafts and Their Makers, gets you thinking about why they enchant us.

A large Mexican market basket and a tiny replica both represent Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Which is more fascinating, the small replica or the real basket?
© Sheron Long

Could it be the playfulness of little objects? Or, could it be the very fact that they are frivolous and impractical? The artisans who make vases like the one below have to know they will never be used. Does that free them up to create?

A pink dahlia next to a miniature vase, crafted by a Mexican artisan and part of the folk art of Mexico. (Image © Sheron Long)

A vase too small
© Sheron Long

Whatever the reason, they attracted the eye of painter Frida Kahlo who displayed her miniatures and folk art in La Casa Azul (Blue House), the home where she was born and died in Coyoacán, now part of Mexico City.  You can still see them there today. Perhaps they serve, as Flechsig notes about other modern-day collectors, as “an antidote to cultural memory loss.”

Close to Home

Often Mexican miniatures depict everyday objects used in the rhythm of life—a traditional metate for grinding corn . . .

A metate, or flat grinding stone in miniature, illustrating the work of Mexican artisans preserving Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Though a miniature metate won’t hold a lot of corn, it authentically represents Mexican culture.
© Sheron Long

. . . or special vessels for cooking and carrying.

Copper baskets with intricate handles, the work of Mexican artisans creating miniatures that are part of Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Intricate handiwork shows the perseverance required
to make something beautiful and small.
© Sheron Long

These objects may look small and simple, but they recall family life, one of the deepest and most important values in Mexican culture.

Miniature table set with a tiny basket of fruit and other household items, symbolizing the value of family time in Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Miniatures speak to important values like family time during la comida,
the two-hour lunch in the middle of the day.
© Sheron Long

Made in Mexico

Just about any material is fair game for a miniature. In the dinner scene, a found object—the walnut—becomes the back of a guitar. Palm leaves are woven into tiny baskets, one holding ceramic fruit. A piece of metal makes a tiny strainer. It’s all up to the resourcefulness and the ingenuity of the artisan.

The maker of these finger-sized wooden masks found the bits of wood, considered their natural shapes, whittled a hollow in the back, and then carved and painted to create the fanciful animals.

Tiny wooden masks of a cat, dog, fox, wolf, and other animals, made by a miniaturist whose work reflects Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Creative faces of the miniaturist
© Sheron Long

A lover of literature and the arts must have made these symbols of culture, one from paper and the other from wood and string, both less than 1/2-inch tall.

Miniature book from paper and tiny guitar from wood are examples of the artisanal crafts of Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Imagine the concentration it takes to bind a tiny book and to string a guitar smaller than a fingernail!
© Sheron Long

When I think about the work involved—the manual skill and the diligence required, the certain tedium in putting the miniatures together—I wonder again about the payoff. These are little objects that will never be used.

And yet there was something about my encounter with Mexican culture that taught me to see them as quite worthwhile.  The visual delight, the joy of play, the pride in a rich cultural history—these are big moments of note. And that gives miniatures a significance greater than what meets the eye.

Miniature plaster dove with a letter in its mouth, illustrating one type of folk art in Mexican culture. (Image © Sheron Long)

Hasta la vista!
© Sheron Long

Comment on this post below, or inspire insight with your own OIC Moment here.

For travel information on Mexico, visit Mexico’s Tourist Board. And, if you go, be sure to stop at the Museo de Arte Popular in Mexico City. 

@YoSoyMexicano invites a different twitterer to share info about Mexico each week, a good way to get insights on currents in the modern culture (in Spanish only). Or, visit the government of Mexico on Facebook for “the latest stories and news on progress and modern changes that are moving Mexico into the future.”

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